Nā Mea Hana Kī o Downhole: He Alakaʻi Piha no ka Hoʻokaʻawale ʻana a me ka Hoʻohana ʻana i nā Roller Cone Bits a me nā Diamond Bits

I nā hana ʻeli ʻaila, ʻo ka ʻūlū ka mea hana nui no ka wāwahi ʻana i ka pōhaku, a pili pono kāna hana i ka pono o ka ʻeli ʻana a me ke kumukūʻai. I ke alo ʻana i nā kūlana hoʻokumu paʻakikī a loli, ua lilo ke koho pono ʻana i nā ʻūlū cone roller a me nā ʻūlū daimana i hana nui no nā ʻenekinia ʻeli.

01 Nā ʻĀpana Kone Roller: Nā Mea Hana Versatile e Hoʻololi ana i nā Hoʻokumu

Mai ko lākou hoʻolauna ʻia ʻana i ka makahiki 1909, ua lilo nā ʻāpana roller cone i ʻano ʻāpana i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka ʻeli rotary. ʻO kā lākou ʻano multi·cone kū hoʻokahi e hiki ai iā lākou ke hoʻololi i nā ʻano hana like ʻole mai ka palupalu a i ka paʻakikī loa.

ʻAno a me ka ʻenehana koʻikoʻi

ʻElima mau ʻāpana nui o kahi ʻāpana cone roller:

· Kino ʻāpana: ʻEkolu mau wāwae kone i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, me kahi kaula hoʻohui ma luna.

· Nā Kone: Nā kino metala i hoʻopili ʻia me nā niho wili ʻia a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​mea hoʻokomo tungsten carbide (TCI) ma luna o ka ʻili.

· ʻŌnaehana hali: Loaʻa iā ia ʻehā mau set o nā hali: nui, waena, liʻiliʻi a me ka hoʻokuʻu.

· Nā Nozzles: ʻO ka maʻamau he 3·4 mau nozzles me ke anawaena o 7·14 mm.

· ʻŌnaehana lubrication a me ke sila: Nā sila laholio a metala paha i hui pū ʻia me kahi mea hoʻokō kaomi.

ʻO ka ʻenehana sila bearing kahi holomua nui i nā ʻāpana roller cone. Hoʻohana nā ʻāpana hou i kahi ʻōnaehana lubrication pressure·compensated e mālama ana i ke kaulike dynamic ma waena o ke kaomi lubricant i loko o ke keʻena bearing a me ke kaomi kolamu wai wili downhole ma o kahi ala hoʻoili kaomi, kahi membrane compensation pressure a me kahi kīʻaha lubricant.

ʻŌnaehana Hoʻokaʻawale a me ke Code IADC

Ua hoʻokumu ka International Association of Drilling Contractors (IADC) i kahi kūlana honua no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā ʻāpana roller cone, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi ʻōnaehana code ʻekolu huahelu:

· Hua mua: ʻAno niho a me ke ʻano kūpono

· 1: Niho wili ʻia, hoʻokumu palupalu

· 2: Niho wili ʻia, waena a waena·hoʻokumu paʻakikī

· 3: Niho wili, paʻakikī, hoʻokumu ʻānai

· 5: TCI, palupalu a waena ke ʻano

· 6: TCI, hoʻokumu waena·paʻakikī

· 7: TCI, paʻakikī, hoʻokumu ʻana i ka ʻōpala

· 8: TCI, paʻakikī loa, hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana me ka ʻānai nui

· Huahelu ʻelua: ʻO ka paʻakikī o ke ʻano (1·4, ʻo ka helu nui e hōʻike ana i ke ʻano paʻakikī)

· Huahelu ʻekolu: Nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻonohonoho bit

· 4: Ke kaulahao ʻōwili i sila ʻia

· 6: Kaʻa paikikala i sila ʻia

· 7: Palekana paʻa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka pale ana me TCI

· 8: ʻĀpana hoʻomaka no nā lua kuhikuhi

ʻŌnaehana Hoʻokaʻawale IADC i hoʻomaʻalahi ʻia no nā Roller Cone Bits

ʻAno o ka wāwahi pōhaku a me nā ʻano neʻe

Ke hana kahi ʻāpana roller cone, hōʻike ia i ʻekolu mau neʻe hui pū ʻia:

· Hoʻokahuli: Hoʻohuli nā cone i ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau me ke kino bit.

· Ka Hoʻohuli ʻana: Hoʻohuli nā niho i ka ʻaoʻao hema a puni ke koʻi kone.

· Paheʻe: Hoʻokomo pū ʻia ka paheʻe radial a me ka tangential.

Hoʻopuka kēia neʻe hui pū ʻana i kahi hopena wāwahi pōhaku pālua:

1. Ka hoʻopā ʻana i ka hopena: ʻO ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā niho hoʻokahi a me ka pālua e hana i ka haʻalulu kū pololei, e hoʻoulu ana i ka ukana hopena.

2. ʻOki ʻokiʻoki: Hoʻokō ʻia e ka overhang, offset a me ke ʻano multi-cone, e hiki ai ke ʻokiʻoki pōhaku.

Hoʻolālā Koho Bit a me ka Hoʻohālikelike Hoʻokumu

Nā loina kumu no ke koho ʻana i nā ʻāpana roller cone e like me nā waiwai pōhaku:

· Nā ʻano palupalu: E koho i nā ʻāpana me ka hoʻolālā offset, overhang, a me multi-cone; i lako me nā niho wili kiʻekiʻe, ākea, a ākea hoʻi a i ʻole TCI.

· Nā ʻano paʻakikī waena: E hōʻemi i nā waiwai offset, overhang, a me multi-cone; e hoʻohana i nā niho pōkole, haiki, a pili loa.

· Nā ʻano paʻakikī a me ka ʻānai: E hoʻohana i ke ʻano hoʻokahi-cone, ʻaʻohe overhang, ʻaʻohe offset; e hoʻolako me ka TCI poepoe a i ʻole conical-spherical.

· Nā ʻano hana me nā lua kekee: E koho i nā ʻāpana niho pōkole me ka liʻiliʻi a i ʻole ka ʻole o ka offset a me ka ʻole o ka pale ana, a koho i kahi palupalu iki ma mua o ke ʻano maoli.

· Nā ʻano palupalu-paʻakikī i hoʻohui ʻia: E koho i ka bit ma muli o ka pōhaku paʻakikī, a hoʻoponopono i nā palena wili me ka ikaika.

Nā pane kūlana kūikawā:

· Nā puka lahilahi (<177 mm): E hoʻohana i nā ʻāpana cone hoʻokahi, nona nā cone nui, nā niho a me nā bearings no ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe.

· ʻEli kuhikuhi: E koho i nā ʻāpana me ka helu ʻekolu o ka IADC 8 (nā ʻāpana kickoff i hoʻolaʻa ʻia).

02 Diamond Bits: ʻO ka mea hana hope loa no nā hoʻokumu paʻakikī

ʻO ke daimana ka paʻakikī kūlohelohe kiʻekiʻe loa (ʻo ka paʻakikī Mohs 10, ka ikaika compressive a hiki i 8800 MPa, ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ke kila he 9000 manawa). Hoʻohana nā ʻāpana daimana i kēia waiwai e lilo i mea kaua hope loa no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā ʻano paʻakikī.

Ka Hoʻokaʻawale ʻana a me ka Hoʻomohala ʻenehana

Ua māhele nui ʻia nā ʻāpana daimana o kēia wā i ʻekolu mau ʻano:

1. Nā ʻāpana daimana i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma luna

· Nā ʻāpana daimana i hōʻike ʻia ma luna o ka ʻili o ka lei aliʻi.

· Kūpono no nā ʻano paʻakikī waena a paʻakikī.

· Ka helu ʻana o ka nui o ka daimana:

· Nā ʻano palupalu: 2 pōhaku/carat (ma kahi o 4 mm ke anawaena)

· Nā ʻano paʻakikī waena: 3-4 mau pōhaku/carat (ma kahi o 3.6 mm)

· Nā ʻano paʻakikī: 10‑15 mau pōhaku/carat (ma kahi o 2.0 mm)

2. Nā ʻāpana daimana i hoʻopili ʻia

· Nā daimana i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka matrix (60-400 mau pōhaku/carat).

· Kūpono no nā ʻano paʻakikī loa a me nā ʻano abrasive (chert, siliceous dolomite, a pēlā aku).

· Hoʻokala ponoʻī i hoʻokō ʻia e ka ʻaʻahu matrix.

3. Nā ʻāpana PDC (Polycrystalline Diamond Compact)

· Ua hoʻolauna mua ʻia e General Electric i ka makahiki 1973.

· ʻAno ʻokiʻoki: papa daimana + substrate tungsten carbide.

· Nā ʻano hana kūpono: nā ʻano hana like palupalu a paʻakikī waena.

Nā Kūlana Hoʻolālā a me nā Kūlana Koʻikoʻi

He kino koʻikoʻi ko nā ʻāpana daimana me nā ʻāpana neʻe ʻole, ʻo ia hoʻi:

· Kino kila: Kila kalapona waena, luna wili ʻia.

· Mākuhi: Pauka tungsten carbide + metala mea hoʻopaʻa keleawe, paʻakikī HRC 30-45.

· Nā mea ʻokiʻoki: Nā daimana kūlohelohe/synthetic a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​mea ʻoki PDC.

· Hoʻolālā hydraulic: Nā nozzles, nā ala wai (radial, spiral, a pēlā aku).

Nā palena hoʻolālā koʻikoʻi:

· Ka nui o ke daimana: Hoʻoponopono e like me ka abrasiveness o ke ʻano - ʻoi aku ka nui no nā ʻano abrasive ʻoi aku.

· Kiʻekiʻe o ka hōʻike ʻana:

· Nā ʻano palupalu: 1/3 o ke anawaena daimana

· Nā ʻano paʻakikī: 1/6‑1/10 o ke anawaena daimana

· ʻAno o ka lei aliʻi: Pālahalaha (nā ʻano like), poepoe (nā ʻano paʻakikī), serrated (nā ʻano ʻāwili).

ʻAno hana wāwahi pōhaku a me ka pane ʻana o ke kūkulu ʻana

Hoʻololi ke ʻano wāwahi pōhaku o nā ʻāpana daimana me nā waiwai hoʻokumu:

· Nā ʻano palakiko (pōhaku lepo, gypsum, a pēlā aku) - Ua like ia me ke kaʻina hana "palau ʻana"; komo nā daimana a hoʻoulu i ke kahe palakiko o ka pōhaku.

· Nā ʻano palupalu (one pōhaku quartz, a pēlā aku) – Hoʻopuka i nā lua kuʻi nui; ʻo ka nui o nā ʻokiʻoki he 2-4 manawa o ka nui o ke daimana, he hana kūpono loa ia.

· Nā pōhaku paʻakikī (chert, pōhaku siliceous) - E hoʻohana i nā ʻāpana i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka wai; ʻo ka haki ʻana ma o ka ʻoki liʻiliʻi a me ke kahakaha ʻana, e like me ke wili ʻana me ka huila.

Nā Pōmaikaʻi a me nā Palena o nā PDC Bits

Ma ke ʻano he huahana kipi i loko o ka ʻohana daimana bit, loaʻa i nā PDC bits nā pono kūikawā:

Nā hiʻohiʻona kūkulu:

· ʻĀpana PDC kino kila: Kila kalapona waena hoʻokahi ʻāpana, paʻakikī ka ʻili.

· ʻĀpana PDC kino Matrix: Kino kila o luna + matrix tungsten carbide haʻahaʻa - hana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.

Hoʻolālā ʻikepili:

· Parabolic: Nā ʻano palupalu, kapuaʻi kiʻekiʻe, ROP kiʻekiʻe.

· Poepoe: Kūpono no ka ʻeli ʻana i ka papa wili, kōkua i ka komo ʻana i loko o nā moena paʻakikī.

· Koneko: ʻEli wikiwiki, komo maikaʻi.

Nā Palena:

· ʻAʻole kūpono no nā moena ʻiliʻili a i ʻole nā ​​​​ʻano palupalu-paʻakikī i waena o nā moena.

· Ka palena o ka mahana (ʻoi aku ma luna o 350°C e wikiwiki ka ʻaʻahu; ma 700°C e hāʻule ka ikaika).

· Kū'ē haʻahaʻa i ka hopena; ua maʻalahi nā mea ʻoki hou i ka haki ʻana o ka lihi.

Hoʻohālikelike o ka hoʻohana ʻana o Diamond Bit ma o ka hoʻokumu ʻana

03 Alakaʻi Koho ʻEpekema: Hoʻohālikelike i ke Aʻo ʻana a me nā Pono Hana

Nā Rula Gula no ke Koho ʻana i ka Roller Cone Bit

1. Hoʻohālikelike paʻakikī o ke ʻano

· Nā ʻano palupalu: koho i nā ʻāpana me nā niho offset kiʻekiʻe, overhang, multi-cone, a me ke ʻano wedge a i ʻole scoop.

· Nā ʻano paʻakikī: e hoʻohana i ka cone hoʻokahi, ʻaʻohe offset, a me nā niho poepoe a conical paha.

2. Ka lawelawe ʻana i ka abrasiveness

· No nā ʻano hana abrasive, koho i nā ʻāpana TCI me ka pale gauge.

· Inā poepoe nā niho lālani o waho a ʻaʻole nui ka ʻaʻahu o nā niho o loko, e hoʻonui i ka pale ana o ke ana ma ka ʻāpana aʻe.

3. Nā pane kūlana kūikawā

· Nā ʻano hana me nā lua kekee: koho i nā ʻāpana niho pōkole me ka liʻiliʻi a i ʻole ka ʻole o ka offset; koho i kahi palupalu iki ma mua o ke ʻano maoli.

· Nā papa palupalu-paʻakikī i waena o nā moena: koho i ka ʻāpana e pili ana i ka pōhaku paʻakikī, hoʻoponopono i nā palena me ka loli.

· Nā ʻāpana hohonu: koho i nā ʻāpana me ka huina kiʻekiʻe o ka nui e uku no ka nalowale o ka manawa e hele wāwae ana.

Hoʻolālā Koho Bit Diamond

1. I ka manawa hea e hoʻohana ai i nā ʻāpana PDC

· ʻO ka hoʻohana maikaʻi loa: nā ʻano loloa like ʻole palupalu a paʻakikī waena (shale, pōhaku lepo, gypsum, a pēlā aku).

· Nā hana i pāpā ʻia: nā moena ʻiliʻili, nā papa chert, nā ʻano moena palupalu-paʻakikī.

· Hoʻonohonoho palena: WOB haʻahaʻa (30‑60 kN), RPM kiʻekiʻe (100‑300 rpm), kahe wikiwiki.

2. I ka manawa hea e hoʻohana ai i nā ʻāpana daimana kūlohelohe/synthetic

· Nā ʻano paʻakikī a paʻakikī loa (granit, quartz one, a pēlā aku).

· Nā ʻano hana ʻānai loa (chert, siliceous dolomite).

· ʻEli ʻana i ka turbo, nā luawai hohonu a me nā luawai hohonu loa, nā hana ʻeli ʻana i ka coring.

3. Nā koi kūikawā no nā ʻāpana coring

· Nā ʻāpana ʻokiʻoki kone wili: hoʻolālā ʻehā-kono (conical/cylindrical) a i ʻole ʻeono-kono (full-barrel).

· Nā ʻāpana ʻoki daimana: pono e hoʻonohonoho like ʻia nā mea ʻoki me ke kūpaʻa mau i ka ʻaʻahu.

· Hōʻailona koʻikoʻi: concentric bore o loko me ke anawaena o waho e pale aku i ka elliptical core.

ʻIke a me ka lawelawe ʻana i ka Downhole Anomaly

Ke ʻike nei i nā kūlana hana o ka roller cone bit:

· Ka hāʻule ʻana o ka bearing: Ke lele nei ka papa wili pōʻaiapuni, e ʻoi aʻe ana ka ʻino ma lalo o ke WOB kiʻekiʻe, hāʻule ka ROP akā maʻamau ke kaomi o ka pamu.

· Kone nalowale: Ka loli nui o ka torque, neʻe hihiu ke anakahi kaumaha, loli ke lōʻihi o ke kaula ke hāpai ʻia.

· Nā niho i ʻeha palahalaha: Hoʻemi ʻia ka ukana papa wili, ʻaʻohe lele ʻana, emi koke ʻana o ROP.

Nā pāpā no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻāpana daimana:

· Pono e maʻemaʻe ka lua lalo ma mua o ka holo ʻana i loko o ka lua; e hōʻoia ʻaʻohe ʻōpala metala.

· E hoʻomaka i ka wili ʻana me ka WOB māmā, RPM haʻahaʻa no ka "break-in" (0.5 m ka hoʻolālā ʻana i ka lua lalo).

· E pale i ka reaming; inā pono, e hana me ka WOB māmā, RPM haʻahaʻa, a me ka hana paʻa.

04 Nā ʻAno Hou Loa a me nā Manaʻo Hoʻomaʻamaʻa Kahua

Nā kuhikuhi hana hou ʻenehana

ʻO ka ʻenehana wili jet kiʻekiʻe:

· Hoʻohana i nā jets kaomi kiʻekiʻe loa (150-200 MPa) e kōkua i ka haki ʻana o ka pōhaku.

ʻO nā mea hoʻoikaika downhole kahi mea nui o ka R&D; hōʻike nā hoʻokolohua hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ʻo ROP i 3-5 mau manawa.

· ʻO nā pilikia loea e pili ana i ka sila ʻana a me ka hoʻoili ʻana i ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe loa.

Nā ʻōnaehana bit akamai:

· Nānā nā mea ʻike i hoʻokomo ʻia i ke kūlana o ka bit i ka manawa maoli.

· Hoʻoponopono hoʻololi o nā palena ʻoki e kūlike i nā loli hoʻokumu.

· Ka loiloi ʻikepili nui e hoʻonui i ke koho ʻana o nā bit a wānana i ke ola lawelawe.

Nā Rula Gula ma ke Kahua

1. Ke hoʻoholo nei i ka wā e huki ai i waho o ka lua

· Ka emi mau ʻana o ka ROP (i nā ʻano like).

· Ka hāʻule koke ʻana o ROP me nā hana hoʻoponopono kūpono ʻole (hoʻololi hoʻokumu).

· Hoʻonui ʻoi ʻia ka torque me ka hāʻule ʻana o ROP (pōʻino bit).

· Ka hāʻule koke ʻana o ke kaomi o ka pamu (ka nozzle nalowale a i ʻole ke kaula wili i holoi ʻia).

2. Nā hana e hoʻolōʻihi ai i ke ola o ka bit

· E holo i kahi ʻāpana hou me ka WOB māmā a me ka RPM haʻahaʻa e uhaʻi ai.

· E hoʻohana i kahi mea pale bit (mea pale lele).

· Nā huakaʻi pōkole i kēlā me kēia manawa e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā ʻōpala o lalo o ka lua.

· E pale i ka wili nui ʻana ma ka lalo.

3. Ka loiloi waiwai

· E helu i ke kumukūʻai no ka mika = (kumukūʻai bit + kumukūʻai manawa wili) / kiʻi paʻi kiʻi.

ʻOiai ʻoi aku ke kumukūʻai o nā ʻāpana PDC, i nā ʻano kūpono hiki i kahi ʻāpana PDC hoʻokahi ke wili i 3-5 mau manawa o ka nui o ka footage o kahi ʻāpana roller cone.

· Ma nā ʻāpana hohonu, e hoʻonohonoho i nā ʻāpana me ka nui o ka nui o ka wikiō e uku ai no ka pohō manawa hele wāwae.

ʻO ke koho ʻana i nā bits he ʻenehana pololei e hoʻohui ana i ke kumumanaʻo ʻepekema a me ka ʻike kahua. ʻO nā roller cone bits, me ko lākou hiki ke hoʻololi ākea, ʻo ia ke ʻano bit maʻamau i kēia lā. ʻO nā daimana bits, ʻoiai nā PDC bits, e hōʻike ana i ka pono kūlike ʻole i nā ʻano kikoʻī.

ʻO ke akamai i ka ʻōnaehana hoʻokaʻawale IADC, ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā ʻano hana wāwahi pōhaku o nā ʻāpana like ʻole, a me ka loiloi piha ʻana i ka lithology, ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka wellbore a me nā koi hana e hoʻokō i ka hoʻohālikelike kūpono ma waena o ka ʻāpana a me ke kūkulu ʻana. Me ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā sensor downhole, ka analytics ʻikepili nui a me ka naʻauao hana, ke neʻe nei ke koho ʻana o nā ʻāpana mai nā hoʻoholo i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka ʻike i ka hoʻohālikelike pololei akamai, e hoʻokele mau ana i nā hoʻomaikaʻi kipi i ka pono o ka ʻeli ʻana.

Hoʻokaʻaʻike: Jessie Zhou

Kelepona Paʻalima/Whatsapp:+0086-18109206861

Email: energy@landrilltools.com